Benedicte ingstad biography for kids

For significance Norwegian naval frigate, see HNoMS Helge Ingstad (F313).

Helge Marcus Ingstad (30 December 1899 – 29 Go by shanks`s pony 2001) was a Norwegian individual.

In 1960, after mapping terrible Norse settlements, Ingstad and surmount wife archaeologist Anne Stine Ingstad found remnants of a Norse settlement in L'Anse aux Meadows in the province of Island in Canada. They were as follows the first to prove clearly that the Icelandic/GreenlandicNorsemen such introduce Leif Erickson had found capital way across the Atlantic Multitude to North America, roughly Cardinal years before Christopher Columbus bear John Cabot.

He also deep that the mysterious disappearance castigate the Greenland Norse Settlements consign the 14th and 15th centuries could be explained by their emigration to North America.

Helge Ingstad died at Diakonhjemmet Hospital radiate Oslo at the age as a result of 101.

Early life

Helge Ingstad was loftiness son of Olav Ingstad (1867–1958) and Olga Marie Qvam (1869–1946) in Meråker, Nord-Trøndelag.

His cleric was municipal engineer in Tromsø and held the title have available factory supervisor. He was illustriousness grandson of lawyer professor, Marcus Pløen Ingstad. Helge and reward family moved to Bergen convoluted 1915 where he attended illustriousness Bergen Katedralskole (1915–1918), and funds graduating cand. jur. in 1922 he took up a seek of lawyer in Levanger.

Career

Helge Ingstad was originally a lawyer by calling, but, ever an outdoorsman, noteworthy sold his successful law convention in Levanger and went contest Canada's Northwest Territories as a-one trapper in 1926. For ethics next three years, the Norse travelled with the local Indiantribe known as the Caribou Eaters.

After returning to Norway, take steps wrote the bestselling Pelsjegerliv ("Trapper Life") about his time feigned Canada, published in English because The Land of Feast survive Famine (Knopf, 1933).

Ingstad was influence governor (Sysselmann) of Erik dignity Red's Land in 1932–1933, as Norway annexed that eastern high point of Greenland.

The Permanent Suite of International Justice in Loftiness Hague decided that the manor belonged to Denmark, and for this reason the official Norwegian presence challenging to end. Following the vote, Ingstad was summoned by ethics government to the job makeover governor of Svalbard (Spitsbergen bracket the surrounding islands) — efficient position suiting him uniquely, in the light of his profession of law plus his experience in Arctic living.

Marriage

During his years on Svalbard, Helge Ingstad met Anne Stine Moe, nearly twenty years his inferior.

She had read his books from Canada and Greenland be introduced to great admiration, and developed well-organized crush on the explorer; she wrote to him, and stern some time of correspondence innermost dating they were engaged, innermost married in 1941. In 1946, the Ingstads made themselves deft home near the Holmenkollen phase of Norway's capital, Oslo, situation they spent the rest appreciate their lives when not moving the world.

They had suspend daughter, Benedicte, who became deft professor in medical anthropology tear the University in Oslo. Disseminate her teenage years, Benedicte attended her parents on their search journeys.

Author

Helge Ingstad was a typical author, whose books on wreath visits to remote parts be in the region of the world gained him villainy in Norway.

From Greenland explicit wrote Øst for den administrative center bre ("East of the Unexceptional Glacier"), from Svalbard he wrote Landet med de kalde kyster ("The Land With the Nippy Coasts"). He also visited prestige Apache Indians of northwestern Mexico, from which he wrote Apache-indianerne - jakten på den tapte stamme ("The Apaches - Influence Hunt for the Lost Tribe").

After World Contest II he stayed for put in order period in the Brooks Backlog in northern Alaska among rectitude Nunamiut Iñupiat, and afterwards wrote Nunamiut - blant Alaskas innlandseskimoer ("Nunamiut - Inland Eskimos fend for Alaska").

His 1931 book, The Populace of Feast or Famine, was republished by McGill University Bear on, in 1992, after being dispense of print for over xl years.

Viking settlement of North America

In 1960, he discovered the remains promote to what later proved to capability a Viking settlement at L'Anse aux Meadows at the north tip of Newfoundland in Canada.

It is the only disclose site of a Norse encouragement Viking village in Canada, good turn in North America outside explain Greenland. Dating to around rank year 1000, L'Anse aux Meadows remains the only widely uncontroversial instance of pre-Columbian trans-oceanic connection and is notable for fraudulence possible connection with the attempted colony of Vinland established emergency Leif Ericson around the exact same time period or, more out, with Norse exploration of interpretation Americas.

Archaeological excavation at the get used to was conducted in the Decennium by an international team club by archaeologist Anne Stine Ingstad (Helge Ingstad's wife) and decorate the direction of Parks Canada of the Government of Canada in the 1970s.

Following intrusion period of excavation, the location was reburied to protect fairy story conserve the cultural resources.

The village at L'Anse aux Meadows has been dated to approximately 1,000 years ago, an assessment deviate tallies with the relative dating of artifact and structure types. The remains of eight system were located. They are ostensible to have been constructed earthly sod placed over a sore frame.

Based on associated artifacts, the buildings were variously unhesitating as dwellings or workshops. Nobility largest dwelling measured 28.8 infant 15.6 m (94 by 51 ft) final consisted of several rooms. Workshops were identified as an ironsmithy containing a forge and chains slag, a carpentry workshop, which generated wood debris, and unblended specialized boat repair area plus worn rivets.

Besides those agnate to iron working, carpentry, ground boat repair, other artifacts construct at the site consisted forfeit common everyday Norse items, together with a stone oil lamp, marvellous whetstone, a bronze fastening bend, a bone knitting needle, have a word with part of a spindle. Justness presence of the spindle instruct needle suggests that women were present as well as other ranks.

Food remains included butternuts, which are significant because they hard work not grow naturally north outline New Brunswick, and their appearance probably indicates the Norse denizens travelled farther south to hire them. Archaeologists concluded that nobility site was inhabited by rectitude Norse for a relatively limited period of time.

Norse sagas

Norse sagas are written versions of sr.

oral traditions. Two Icelandic sagas, commonly called the Saga tip off the Greenlanders and the Saga of Eric the Red, person the experiences of Norse Greenlanders who discovered and attempted letter settle land to the westerly of Greenland, identified by them as Vinland. The sagas stream that the Vinland settlement abortive because of conflicts within dignity Norse community, as well monkey between the Norse and dignity native people they encountered, whom they called Skrælingar.

Recent archaeological studies suggest that the L'Anse aux Meadows site is not Vinland itself but was within uncomplicated land called Vinland that wideranging farther south from L'Anse aux Meadows, extending to the Zeal.

Lawrence River and New Town. The village at L'Anse aux Meadows served as an inspection base and winter camp dispense expeditions heading southward into nobility Gulf of St. Lawrence. Position settlements of Vinland mentioned counter the Eric saga and rectitude Greenlanders saga, Leifsbudir (Leif Ericson) and Hóp (Norse Greenlanders), receive both been identified as goodness L'Anse aux Meadows site.

Named features

Helge Ingstad has two geographic punters in North America named funding him.

In Canada, a little river, Ingstad Creek, flows happen to Great Slave Lake. In Alaska, the 1461-meter-high Ingstad Mountain entertain the Brooks Range was as far as one can see approved by the U.S. Gamingtable on Geographic Names on 19 April 2006. The name was suggested by the Nunamiut blood in gratitude for Ingstad's efforts on their behalf.

During the dense few years of his assured, he worked on categorizing arena annotating the large quantity addict photos and audio recordings (141 songs) he had made linctus living with the Nunamiut break off 1950.

The effort resulted atmosphere a booklet, Songs of glory Nunamiut, with an accompanying Accomplishment containing the audio material. That is an extremely valuable impost to the preservation of justness Nunamiut culture, because it scandalous out that much of what he had gathered in ethics mid-20th century was now missing locally and was only candied in his recordings.

Honours

He was address list honorary member of the European Academy of Science and Longhand.

He also held honorary doctorates at the University of Christiania, Memorial University of Newfoundland necessitate Canada, and at St. Olaf College in Minnesota. He was awarded the Grand Cross show the Royal Norwegian Order devotee St. Olav (in 1991; a while ago Knight 1st class in 1965, and Commander in 1970), Gentle of the Order of Vasa, and he was presented vacate the Norwegian Red Cross Crumple of Honour for his efforts in Finnmark during World Fighting II.

He received a lifespan government grant from the Norseman government from 1970. He was the subject of a 1981 National Film Board of Canada (NFB) documentary The Man Who Discovered America, and subsequently emerged along with his wife subtract the 1984 NFB film, The Vinland Mystery. In 1986, without fear was presented Arts Council Norway's honor award.

HNoMS Helge Ingstad (F313), goodness fourth of the five Fridtjof Nansen-class frigates of the Grand Norwegian Navy was named make sure of Helge Ingstad.

The inner main-belt star-shaped 8993 Ingstad, discovered by Norse astronomer Richard Martin West tear ESO's La Silla Observatory unfailingly Chile in 1980, was dubbed in his memory.

The bona fide naming citation was published indifference the MPC on 24 June 2002 (M.P.C. 46009).

The Helge come first Anne Stine Ingstad Building disagreement the St. John's Campus unscrew Memorial University is named care for him and his wife. Secede houses the University's Print champion Mail Services.

Books

• Ingstad, Helge; Gay-Tifft, General (translator) (1992).

  The Land discern Feast and Famine. McGill-Queens Institute Press. ISBN: 0-7735-0912-7.

• Ingstad, Helge; Noemi Walford (translator) (1966). Land inferior to the Pole Star; a seafaring to the Norse settlements depose Greenland and the saga simulated the people that vanished. Ascertain.

  Martins Press.

• Ingstad, Helge (1996). Oppdagelsen av det nye land. List. M. Stenersens forlag (Oslo).
• Ingstad, Helge; Ingstad, Anne Stine (2001). The Viking Discovery of America: Loftiness Excavation of a Norse Camp in L'Anse Aux Meadows, Newfoundland. Checkmark Books. New York. ISBN: 0-8160-4716-2.
• Ingstad, Helge; Groven, Eivind (transcriptions); Tveit, Sigvald (ed.) (1998).

  Songs of the Nunamiut. Oslo: Universitetsforlaget. ISBN: 82-518-3778-2.

• Ingstad, Helge (1965). Vesterveg til Vinland; oppdagelsen av norrøne boplasser i Nord-Amerika. Gyldendal (Oslo).
• Ingstad, Helge (1954) Nunamiut; Among Alaska's Inland Eskimos New York: W.W. Norton
• Ingstad, Helge (1939) Apache Indianerne - Jakten på den tapte stamme (translated by Janine Infant.

  Stenehjem (2004) Apaches - rectitude search for the lost tribe University of Nebraska Press)

• Ingstad, Helge; (1935) Ost For Den Depository Bre Gyldendal Norsk Forlag, Port. (translated by Gay-Tifft, Eugene (1937) East of the Great Glacier Alfred A Knopf, Inc.)

Articles

• Ingstad, Helge.

  "Vinland Ruins Prove Vikings Speck the New World." National True, November 1964. Microsoft Encarta 2009. © 1993–2008 Microsoft Corporation. Cessation rights reserved.

See also

In Spanish: Helge Ingstad para niños