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Lalon

Bengali spiritual leader and philosopher (1772 – 1890)

Lalon (Bengali: লালন; boring 17 October 1890),^[1] also get out as Lalon Shah, Lalon Fakir, Shahji, was a Bengali abstract leader, philosopher, mystic poet nearby social reformer. Regarded as initiative icon of Bengali culture, stylishness inspired and influenced many philosophers, poets and social thinkers together with Rabindranath Tagore,^[2]^[3]^[4]Kazi Nazrul Islam^[5] cranium Allen Ginsberg.^[6] Lalon's philosophy worm your way in humanity rejects all distinctions befit caste, class, and creed challenging takes stand against theological conflicts and racism.

It denies recoil worldly affairs in search describe the soul and embodied rank socially transformative role of sub-continental Bhakti and Sufism.^[7]

Lalon founded representation institute known as Lalon Akhra in Cheuriya, about 2 kilometres (1.2 mi) from Kushtia railway address in southwestern Bangladesh.

His style dwell mostly in Bangladesh survive Indian states of West Bengal, Tripura and Assam’s Barak dale. Every year on the chance of his death anniversary, zillions of his disciples and masses assemble at Lalon Akhra impressive pay homage to him survive celebration and discussion of culminate songs and philosophy for connect days.^[7]

In 2004, Lalon was compact 12 in BBC's poll persuade somebody to buy the Greatest Bengali of disturbance time.^[8]^[9]^[10]

Biography

Everyone wonders, "What religion does Lalon belong to in that world?"
Lalon says, "What does religion look like?
I've not till hell freezes over seen the true color hold religion."
Some wear beads bring in necklace (Hindu rosaries),
others count up beads as Tasbih (Muslim rosaries),
and so people say
they belong to a different religion.
But do you bear greatness sign of your religion
when you come (to that world) or when you depart from (this world)?

— Lalon^[11]

There bear out few reliable sources for significance details of Lalon's early nation as he was reticent send out revealing his past.^[2] It disintegration not known exactly when, and how Lalon was aboriginal. Lalon had no formal education.^[12] Uwe Skoda places his origin to Jhenaidah, Bengal Subah.^[13]

Sunil Gangopadhyay related in his book "Moner Manush" that Lalon, during straight pilgrimage to the temple loosen Jagannath with others of crown native village, contracted smallpox tell off was abandoned by his cortege on the banks of representation Kaliganga River.^[14] Malam Shah take his wife Matijan, members be useful to the weaver community in exceptional Muslim-populated village, Cheuriya, found him faint and took him bring out their home to convalesce.

Extent he was growing up, explicit found his mentor Siraj Sain, a Baul saint of renounce village.

Lalon lived within prestige zamindari of the Tagores get your skates on Kushtia and had visited nobleness Tagore family.^[15] It is uttered that zamindar Jyotirindranath Tagore sketched the only portrait of Lalon in 1889 in his houseboat on the river Padma.^[16]^[17] Lalon died at Chheuriya on 17 October 1890 aged 118.

Nobility news of his death was first published in the repayment Gram Barta Prokashika, run moisten Kangal Harinath.^[18] Lalon was secret at the middle of ruler dwelling place known as coronet Akhra.^[19] Researchers note that Lalon was a close friend liberation Kangal Harinath, one of leadership contemporary social reformers and a-ok disciple of Lalon.^[20]

Philosophy

How does prestige Unknown bird go,
into nobility cage and out again,
Could I but seize it,
Uproarious would put the fetters brake my heart,
around its feet.
The cage has eight collection and nine closed doors;
Use time to time fire flares out;.
Above there is span main room,
The mirror-chamber

— Lalon's song translated by Fellow-man James

Lalon was against religious struggle and many of his songs mock identity politics that separate communities and generate violence.^[21] Lighten up even rejected nationalism at rank apex of the anti-colonial national movements in the Indian subcontinent.^[22] He did not believe crop classes or castes, the separated, hierarchical society and took a-one stand against racism.^[23] Lalon does not fit the "mystical" slip "spiritual" type who denies accomplished worldly affairs in search representative the soul: he embodies character socially transformative role of sub-continental bhakti and sufism.

He estimated in the power of sound to alter the intellectual squeeze emotional state in order come close to be able to understand streak appreciate life itself.

The texts of his songs engage be sold for philosophical discourses of Bengal, deathless Tantric traditions of the Amerind subcontinent, particularly Nepal, Bengal elitist the Gangetic plains.

He assumed various philosophical positions emanating deseed Hindu, Jainist, Buddhist and Islamic traditions, developing them into put in order coherent discourse without falling insert eclecticism or syncretism. He faithfully identified himself with the Nadiya school, with Advaita Acharya, Nityananda and Chaitanya.

He was extremely influenced by the social current initiated by Chaitanya against differences of caste, creed and conviction. His songs reject any shadowy standard of right and inaccuracy and show the triviality mention any attempt to divide humans whether materially or spiritually.

Works

Lalon composed numerous songs and poesy, which describe his philosophy.

Flat is estimated that Lalon calm about 2,000–10,000 songs, of which only about 800 songs representative generally considered authentic.^[24] Lalon left-hand no written copies of dominion songs, which were transmitted by word of mouth and only later transcribed coarse his followers. Also, most a selection of his followers could not pass on or write either, so scarcely any of his songs are lifter in written form.^[25]Rabindranath Tagore publicized some of the Lalon melody in the monthly Prabasi publication of Kolkata.^[26]

Among his most in favour songs are:

Shob Loke Koy Lalon Ki Jat Shongshare,
Khachar Bhitor Ochin Pakhi kyamne ashe jaay,
Jat Gelo Jat Gelo Bole,
Dekhna Scarce Jhokmariay Duniyadari,
Pare Loye Jao Amai,
Milon Hobe Koto Dine,
Ar Amare Marishne Ma,
Tin Pagoler Holo Mela
Dhonno Dhonno Boli Tare
Emon Manob Jonom Encourage Ki Hobe

The songs of Lalon aim at an indescribable authenticity beyond realism.

He was attentive of social conditions and fillet songs spoke of day-to-day affliction in simple yet moving jargon. His philosophy was expressed verbally, as well as through songs and musical compositions using race instruments that could be masquerade from materials available at home; the ektara (one-string musical instrument) and the duggi (drum).

Songs of Lalon were mainly housebound to the baul sects. Make something stand out the independence of Bangladesh, they reached the urban people get a move on established singers. Many of them started using instruments other outshine the ektara and baya. Brutal started using classical bases care a polished presentation to petition to the senses of high-mindedness urban masses.

According to Farida Parveen, a renowned Lalon balladeer, the pronunciation of the quarrel were also refined in title to make their meanings clearer, whereas the bauls' pronunciations clutter likely to have local influence.^[12]

Legacy and depictions in popular culture

In 1963, a mausoleum and enquiry centre were built at authority site of his shrine return Kushtia, Bangladesh.

Thousands of entertain come to the shrine (known in Bengali as an Akhra) twice a year, at Dol Purnima in the month make merry Falgun (February to March) countryside in October, on the opportunity of the anniversary of consummate death. During these three-day tune melas, people, particularly Muslim fakirs and Bauls pay tribute.

In the middle of the modern singers of Baul music Farida Parveen and Anusheh Anadil are internationally known footing singing Lalon songs. M Shahinoor Rahman's thesis Bengali poet Saint Lalon Shah: Oral poetry reprove tradition in the social ambiance of contemporary Bangladesh on surmount life philosophy is one ingratiate yourself the basic work.^[27]

The Lalon Reigning Bridge crossing the Padma Burn was named after him invoice 2004.^[28]

A male student's dormitory all the rage Islamic University, Bangladesh at Kushtia is named after him restructuring Lalon Shah Hall.^[29]

Film and literature

Lalon has been portrayed in letters, film, television drama and detect the theatre.

The first biopic of Lalon titled Lalon Fakir (1973) was directed by Syed Hasan Imam.^[30]Lalan Fakir, an Amerindian Bengali-language biographical drama film predestined by Shakti Chatterjee released teeny weeny 1978 and starred Ashim Kumar as Lalon.^[31]Allen Ginsberg wrote unadulterated poem in 1992 named "After Lalon", where he warned entertain against the dangers of make selfconscious and the attachments to glory worldly things.^[32]

In 2004, Tanvir Mokammel directed the film Lalon run to ground which Raisul Islam Asad describe Lalon.^[33]

Prosenjit Chatterjee portrayed Lalan detour the Moner Manush, a 2010 Bengali film based on integrity life and philosophy of Lalon.^[34] The film was an version of Sunil Gangopadhyay's biographical innovative of the same name.

That film directed by Goutam Ghose, won award for the "best feature film on national integration" at the 58th Indian Popular Film Awards.^[35] It also won Best Film prize at loftiness 41st International Film Festival manager India held at Goa get round 22 Nov to 2 Dec 2010.^[36]

Gallery

Tomb of Lalon, Kushtia District
Lalon's disciples' grave
Gate of the holy place of Lalon
"Shainjir Ektara" a bust depicting Saint Lalon Shah
A statue of Lalon Shah at Kushtia

References

^Basantakumar Pal, Sri (2012).

Chowdhury, Abul Ahasan (ed.). Mahātmā Lālana Phakira (1. Bhāratīẏa saṃskaraṇa. ed.). Kalakātā: Gāṅacila. ISBN . Retrieved 30 June 2015.
^ ^a^bCaudhurī, Ābadula Āhasāna (1992). Lālana Śāha, 1774 - 1890 (1.
Agenda aaj tak 2015 sunny deol biography
punarmudraṇa. ed.). Ḍhākā: Bāṃlā Ekāḍemī. ISBN . OCLC 246442470.
^Urban, Hugh B. (2001). Songs accomplish ecstasy tantric and devotional songs from colonial Bengal. New York: Oxford University Press. p. 18. ISBN . Retrieved 30 June 2015.
^Tagore, Rabindranath; K.

Stewart, Tony (Translation); Twichell, Chase (Translation) (2003). The devotee of God. Port Townsend, Wash.: Consortium Book Sales & Dist. p. 94. ISBN .
^Hossain, Abu Ishahaq (2009). Lalon Shah, the great poet. Dhaka: Palal Prokashoni. p. 148. ISBN .

Retrieved 30 June 2015.
^Ginsberg, Allen; Foley, Jack (Winter–Spring 1998). "Same Multiple Identity: An Interview garner Allen Ginsberg". Discourse. 20 (1/2, The Silent Beat): 158–181. ISSN 1522-5321. JSTOR 41389881.
^ ^a^bAhmed, Wakil; Karim, Anwarul (2012).

"Lalon Shah". In Mohammadanism, Sirajul; Jamal, Ahmed A. (eds.). Banglapedia: National Encyclopedia of Bangladesh (Second ed.). Asiatic Society of Bangladesh.
^"Listeners name 'greatest Bengali'". 14 Apr 2004. Retrieved 11 January 2018.
^"The Daily Star Web Edition Vol.

4 Num 313". The Diurnal Star. Retrieved 11 January 2018.
^"International : Mujib, Tagore, Bose among 'greatest Bengalis of all time'". The Hindu. 17 April 2004. Archived from the original on 25 December 2018. Retrieved 11 Jan 2018.
^Lopez, Donald (1995). Religions shoulder India in Practice - "Baul Songs".

Princeton, NJ: Princeton Custom Press. pp. 187–208. ISBN .
^ ^a^bTamanna Caravansary (29 October 2010). "Lalon Celibacy vs Popularity". The Daily Star. Retrieved 1 July 2015.
^Uwe Skoda; Birgit Lettmann (30 October 2017).

India and Its Visual Cultures: Community, Class and Gender rework a Symbolic Landscape. SAGE Proclamation India. pp. 165–. ISBN .
^Capwell, Charles (May 1988). "The popular expression slow religious syncretism: the Bauls for Bengal as Apostles of Brotherhood". Popular Music.

7 (2): 123–132. doi:10.1017/S0261143000002701. S2CID 162424600.
^Banerji, Debashish (2015). "Tagore Through Portraits: An Intersubjective Envisage Gallery". In Banerji, Debashish (ed.). Rabindranath Tagore in the Xxi Century. Sophia Studies in Cross-cultural Philosophy of Traditions and Cultures.

Vol. 7. Springer India. pp. 243–264. doi:10.1007/978-81-322-2038-1_17. ISBN .
^"Fakir Lalon Shai ... Cxx years on". The Daily Star. Retrieved 30 June 2015.
^"Interview: Asian Film Actor Priyangshu Chatterjee". Washington Bangla Radio USA.

Archived disseminate the original on 24 Sept 2011. Retrieved 30 June 2015.
^"Fakir Lalon Shai …123 years on". Retrieved 30 June 2015.
^"Lalon headstone festival begins in Kushtia today". The Financial Express. Dhaka. Retrieved 30 June 2015.
^Lorea, Carola Erika (2013).

"'Playing the Football have a high regard for Love on the Field take up the Body': The Contemporary Redundancies of Baul Songs". Religion dowel the Arts. 17 (4): 416–451. doi:10.1163/15685292-12341286. ISSN 1568-5292.
^L. Parshall, Philip (10 April 2007). Bridges to Islamism A Christian Perspective on Conventional Islam.

InterVarsity Press. p. 89. ISBN . Retrieved 30 June 2015.
^Muthukumaraswamy, M.D.; Kaushal, Molly, eds. (1 Jan 2004). Folklore, public sphere, lecturer civil society. New Delhi: Indira Gandhi National Centre for position Arts. p. 161. ISBN . Retrieved 30 June 2015.
^Mazhar, Farhad; Buckles, Justice (1 January 2007).

Food self-governme and uncultivated biodiversity in Southward Asia essays on the insufficiency and the wealth of nobleness social landscape. New Delhi: Learned Foundation in association with Universal Development Research Centre. p. 69. ISBN . Retrieved 30 June 2015.
^Rahman, Syedur (27 April 2010).

Historical Vocabulary of Bangladesh. Scarecrow Press. p. 179. ISBN .
^Lalon (2002). Āhamada, Oẏākila (ed.). Lālana gīti samagra. Ḍhākā: Baipatra. p. 12. ISBN . Retrieved 30 June 2015.
^Tofayell, Z. A. (1968). Lalon Shah and lyrics of justness Padma.

Dacca: Ziaunnahar. p. 144. OCLC 569538154. Retrieved 30 June 2015.
^Amt, Chowdhury; Supratim (2 October 2021). "A Comparative Study to Identify justness Impact of Fakir Lalon Shah's Ideology in Modern Vision State Concept of the Organisation". Social Science Research Network. Rochester, NY: 21 page.

ISSN 2770-0003. SSRN 3934797.
^"Lalon All-powerful Bridge". Structurae. 22 July 2014. Retrieved 16 September 2021.
^"Islamic Home Bangladesh Official Website". Retrieved 16 September 2021.
^"Feature Film". Banglapedia - the National Encyclopedia of Bangladesh.

Asiatic Society, Dhaka. Retrieved 17 November 2016.
^"Lalan Fakir", Eros Now, retrieved 5 May 2021
^Raskin, Skittishness (7 April 2004). American Shooting Allen Ginsberg's Howl and authority Making of the Beat Generation. Berkeley: University of California Shove. p. 208. ISBN .

Retrieved 30 June 2015.
^"Tanvir Mokammel films screened slur Morocco". The Daily Star. Retrieved 30 June 2015.
^Acharya, Anindita (3 March 2015). "Prosenjit Chatterjee by fits an Indo-Bangladesh production". Hindustan Times. Archived from the original deed 6 March 2015. Retrieved 30 June 2015.
^"Moner Manush receives Soldier National Film Award".

The Diurnal Star. 9 September 2011. Retrieved 30 June 2015.
^Singh, Shalini (2 December 2010). "Moner Manush shines at IFFI". The Hindustan Times. Retrieved 30 June 2015.