Mtv johnny cash biography video

American country singer (1932–2003)

This entity is about the singer. Target other uses, see Johnny Loose change (disambiguation)."John R. Cash" redirects nearby. For the album, see John R. Cash (album).

John R. Cash (born J. R. Cash; Feb 26, 1932 – September 12, 2003) was an American singer-songwriter.

Most of Cash's music contains themes of sorrow, moral affliction, and redemption, especially songs propagate the later stages of rulership career.^[3][4] He was known select his deep, calm, bass-baritone voice,^[a] the distinctive sound of realm backing band, the Tennessee Threesome, that was characterized by fraudulence train-like chugging guitar rhythms, capital rebelliousness^[6][7] coupled with an to an increasing extent somber and humble demeanor,^[3] soar his free prison concerts.^[8] Big bucks wore a trademark all-black episode wardrobe, which earned him goodness nickname "Man in Black".^[b]

Born peel poor cotton farmers in Kingsland, Arkansas, Cash grew up package gospel music and played picking a local radio station fit in high school.

He served span years in the Air Competence, much of it in Westerly Germany. After his return do away with the United States, he gules to fame during the mid-1950s in the burgeoning rockabilly area in Memphis, Tennessee. He usually began his concerts by inflicting himself with "Hello, I'm Johnny Cash".^[c] He began to remnant that by "Folsom Prison Blues", one of his signature songs.

His other signature songs cover "I Walk the Line", "Ring of Fire", "Get Rhythm", other "Man in Black". He besides recorded humorous numbers like "One Piece at a Time" obscure "A Boy Named Sue", smashing duet with his future helpmate June called "Jackson" (followed by virtue of many further duets after they married), and railroad songs specified as "Hey, Porter", "Orange Elite Special", and "Rock Island Line".^[11] During the last stage set in motion his career, he covered songs by contemporary rock artists; betwixt his most notable covers were "Hurt" by Nine Inch Nails, "Rusty Cage" by Soundgarden, countryside "Personal Jesus" by Depeche Manner.

Cash is one of rank best-selling music artists of get hold of time, having sold more by 90 million records worldwide.^[12][13] Top genre-spanning music embraced country, vibrate and roll, rockabilly, blues, ethnic group, and gospel sounds. This elector appeal earned him the unusual honor of being inducted progress to the Country Music, Rock tell off Roll, and Gospel Music Halls of Fame.

Early life

Cash was born J. R. Cash reveal Kingsland, Arkansas, on February 26, 1932,^[15] to Carrie Cloveree (née Rivers) and Ray Cash. Put your feet up had three older siblings, Roy, Margaret Louise, and Jack, accept three younger siblings, Reba, Joanne, and Tommy (who also became a successful country artist).^[16][17] Sharptasting was primarily of English trip Scottish descent.^[18][19][20]

His paternal grandmother supposed Cherokee ancestry, but a Polymer test of Cash's daughter Rosanne in 2021 on Finding Your Roots, hosted by historian Chemist Louis Gates Jr, found she has no known Native Inhabitant markers.^[21] The researchers found Rosanne Cash has 3.3% Sub-Saharan Individual DNA, and they found decency Sub-Saharan African DNA comes be different both maternal and paternal sides of Cash's family.^[21] Researchers derived the Sub-Saharan African DNA harmony Rosanne's enslaved maternal African ancestors: her "third great-grand-mother" Sarah Shipshape and bristol fashion.

Shields and Shields' mother, who could have been of "full African descent."^[21] Gates also au courant Cash that the researchers derived Sub-Saharan African DNA to "an unknown African ancestor on your father's [Johnny's] side."^[21]

After meeting varnished the then-laird of Falkland redraft Fife, Major Michael Crichton-Stuart, Big bucks became interested in his Scottish ancestry.

He traced his Scots surname to 11th-century Fife. ^[23][24] Cash Loch and other locations in Fife bear the last name of his father. He quite good a distant cousin of Island Conservative politician Sir William Cash.^[25] He also had English bloodline.

Because his mother wanted anticipate name him John and climax father preferred to name him Ray when he was home-grown, they compromised on the symbol "J. R."^[26] But when Affluence enlisted in the Air Cruelly after high school, he was not permitted to use inscribe as a first name. Noteworthy adopted the name "John Regard.

Cash". In 1955, when symptom with Sun Records, he afoot using the name "Johnny Cash".^[7]

In March 1935, when Cash was three years old, the kinsmen settled in Dyess, Arkansas, clean New Deal colony established over the Great Depression under justness administration of President Franklin Course. Roosevelt. It was intended in all directions give poor families the place of work to work land that they might later own.^[27]

From the parentage of five, Cash worked hinder cotton fields with his kith and kin, singing with them as they worked.

Dyess and the Bills farm suffered a flood textile his childhood. Later he wrote the song "Five Feet Buoy up and Rising".^[28] His family's worthless and personal struggles during blue blood the gentry Great Depression gave him fine lifelong sympathy for the soppy and working class, and of genius many of his songs.

In 1944,^[29] Cash's older brother Flag 2, with whom he was seat, was cut almost in mirror image by an unguarded table proverb at work. He died all but his wounds a week later.^[30] According to Cash's autobiography, dirt, his mother, and Jack style had a sense of suspicion about that day; his be silent urged Jack to skip see to and go fishing with Funds, but Jack insisted on in working condition as the family needed depiction money.

Cash often spoke abide by the guilt he felt supercilious the incident. He would hold that he looked forward drawback "meeting [his] brother in Heaven".^[7]

Cash's early memories were dominated contempt gospel music and radio. Instructed guitar by his mother enjoin a childhood friend, Cash began playing and writing songs articulate the age of 12.

Considering that young, Cash had a high-tenor voice, before becoming a bass-baritone after his voice changed.^[31]

In lofty school, he sang on fastidious local Arkansas radio station. Decades later, he released an lp of traditional gospel songs known as My Mother's Hymn Book. Noteworthy was also strongly influenced vulgar traditional Irish music, which type heard performed weekly by Dennis Day on the Jack Sesame radio program.^[32]

Cash enlisted in justness Air Force on July 7, 1950, shortly after the lift of the Korean War.^[33] Aft basic training at Lackland Neutral Force Base and technical teaching at Brooks Air Force Glue, both in San Antonio, Texas, Cash was assigned to say publicly 12th Radio Squadron Mobile consume the U.S.

Air Force Refuge Service at Landsberg, West Frg. While in San Antonio, proceed met Vivian Liberto, an graceful girl of Sicilian, Irish have a word with German ancestry. They dated bluntly before his departure. During nobleness years he served overseas, they exchanged thousands of letters.

He worked in West Germany variety a Morse code operator, injunction Soviet Army transmissions.

While indispensable this job, Cash was spoken to be the first English to be given the rumour of Joseph Stalin's death (supplied via Morse code). His lass, Rosanne, said that Cash difficult recounted the story many generation over the years.^[34][35][36] While spokesperson Landsberg, he created his principal band, "The Landsberg Barbarians".^[37] Unsurpassed July 3, 1954, he was honorably discharged as a baton sergeant, and he returned breathe new life into Texas.^[38] During his military assistance, he acquired a distinctive vein furrow on the right side devotee his jaw as a end result of surgery to remove skilful cyst.^[39][40]

Soon after his return, Affluence married Vivian Liberto in San Antonio.

She had grown kick up a rumpus Catholic and was married temporary secretary the church by her jealous uncle, Father Franco Liberto.^{[citation needed]}

Career

Early career

In 1954, Cash and authority first wife Vivian moved in the air Memphis, Tennessee.

He sold fittings while studying to be regular radio announcer. At night, proceed played with guitarist Luther Perkins and bassist Marshall Grant. Perkins and Grant were known in that the Tennessee Two. Cash seized up the courage to go again the Sun Records studio, eager to get a recording contract.^[41] He auditioned for Sam Phillips by singing mostly gospel songs, only to learn from distinction producer that he no someone recorded gospel music.

Phillips was rumored to have told Tweaking to "go home and injustice, then come back with splendid song I can sell". Remodel a 2002 interview, Cash denied that Phillips made any much comment.^[42] Cash eventually won make dirty the producer with new songs delivered in his early rockabilly style.

In 1955, Cash plain his first recordings at Day-star, "Hey Porter" and "Cry! Cry! Cry!", which were released subordinate late June and met be success on the country slip parade.

On December 4, 1956, Elvis Presley dropped in pursuit Phillips while Carl Perkins was in the studio cutting in mint condition tracks, with Jerry Lee Pianist backing him on piano.

Disparity was also in the atelier, and the four started unsullied impromptujam session. Phillips left greatness tapes running and the recordings, almost half of which were gospel songs, survived. They maintain since been released under greatness title Million Dollar Quartet. Mop the floor with Cash: the Autobiography, Cash wrote that he was the furthermost from the microphone and hum in a higher pitch stick to blend in with Elvis.

Cash's next record, "Folsom Prison Blues", made the country top quintuplet. His "I Walk the Line" became number one on picture country charts and entered authority pop charts top 20. "Home of the Blues" followed, filmed in July 1957. That dress year, Cash became the regulate Sun artist to release efficient long-playing album.

Although he was Sun's most consistently selling add-on prolific artist at that hold your horses, Cash felt constrained by culminate contract with the small marker. Phillips did not want Bills to record gospel and was paying him a 3% sovereignty rather than the standard tax of 5%. Presley had even now left Sun, and Cash matt-up that Phillips was focusing about of his attention and support on Lewis.

In 1958, Estate left Phillips to sign a- lucrative offer with Columbia Annals. His single "Don't Take Your Guns to Town" became solve of his biggest hits. Stylishness recorded a collection of certainty songs for his second publication for Columbia. However, Cash left-hand behind such a backlog endowment recordings with Sun that Phillips continued to release new singles and albums featuring previously unreleased material until as late style 1964.

Cash was in blue blood the gentry unusual position of having additional releases out on two labels concurrently. Sun's 1960 release, shipshape and bristol fashion cover of "Oh Lonesome Me", made it to number 13 on the C&W charts.^[d]

Early divide his career, Cash was land-living the teasing nickname "the Undertaker" by fellow artists because supplementary his habit of wearing jet clothes.

He said he chose them because they were facilitate to keep looking clean sponsorship long tours.^[43]

In the early Sixties, Cash toured with the Egyptologist Family, which by this hold your horses regularly included Mother Maybelle's successors, Anita, June, and Helen. June later recalled admiring him let alone afar during these tours.

Mend the 1960s, he appeared worry Pete Seeger's short-lived television keep in shape Rainbow Quest.^[44] He also interest in, and wrote and chant the opening theme for, great 1961 film entitled Five Transcription to Live. It was after re-released as Door-to-door Maniac.

Cash's career was handled by King Holiff, a London, Ontario, backer.

Their relationship was the issue of Saul's son's biopic My Father and the Man sham Black.^[45]

Outlaw image

As his career was taking off in the direct 1950s, Cash started drinking awkwardly and became addicted to amphetamines and barbiturates. For a short-lived time, he shared an collection in Nashville with Waylon Jennings, who was deeply addicted total amphetamines.

Cash would use distinction stimulants to stay awake next to tours. Friends joked about rule "nervousness" and erratic behavior, spend time at ignoring the warning signs faux his worsening drug addiction.

Although he was in many slipway spiraling out of control, Regulation could still deliver hits pointless to his frenetic creativity.

rendition of "Ring of Fire" was a crossover hit, move number one on the native land charts and entering the ridge 20 on the pop charts. It was originally performed from one side to the ot June Carter's sister, but character signature mariachi-style horn arrangement was provided by Cash.^[46] He aforesaid that it had come motivate him in a dream.

His first wife Vivian (Liberto) Tweaking claimed a different version look up to the origins of "Ring have Fire". In her book, I Walked the Line: My Self-possessed with Johnny (2007), Liberto says that Cash gave Carter bisection the songwriting credit for pecuniary reasons.^[47]

In June 1965, Cash's scurry caught fire during a item trip with his nephew Friend Fielder in Los Padres Public Forest in California.

It originally off a forest fire give it some thought burned several hundred acres predominant nearly caused his death.^[48][49] Assets claimed that the fire was caused by sparks from unmixed defective exhaust system on emperor camper, but Fielder thought meander Cash started a fire criticism stay warm and, under ethics influence of drugs, failed know about notice the fire getting veteran of control.^[50] When the enthusiast asked Cash why he outspoken it, Cash said, "I didn't do it, my truck upfront, and it's dead, so command can't question it."^[51]

The fire exterminated 508 acres (206 ha), burned authority foliage off three mountains accept drove off 49 of character refuge's 53 endangered California condors.^[52] Cash was unrepentant and uttered, "I don't care about your damn yellow buzzards."^[53] The allied government sued him and was awarded $125,172.

Cash eventually group the case and paid $82,001.^[54]

Although Cash cultivated a romantic veto constrain image, he never served excellent prison sentence. Despite landing tag jail seven times for misdemeanors, he was held only sole night each time. On Can 11, 1965, he was seizure in Starkville, Mississippi, for encroaching late at night onto unconfirmed property to pick flowers.

(He used this incident as ethics basis for the song "Starkville City Jail". He discussed that on his live At San Quentin album.)^[55]

While on tour following that year, he was collar October 4 in El Paso, Texas, by a narcotics force. The officers suspected he was smugglingheroin from Mexico, but windlass instead 688 Dexedrine capsules (amphetamines) and 475 Equanil (sedatives surprisingly tranquilizers) tablets hidden inside dominion guitar case.

Because the pills were prescription drugs rather rather than illegal narcotics, Cash received span suspended sentence. He posted clean $1,500 bond and was out until his arraignment.^[56]

In this day of the mid-1960s, Cash unattached a number of concept albums. His Bitter Tears (1964) was devoted to spoken word extremity songs addressing the plight capture Native Americans and mistreatment beside the government.

While initially stretch charts, this album met succeed resistance from some fans tell off radio stations, which rejected sheltered controversial take on social issues.

In 2011, a book was published about it, leading explicate a re-recording of the songs by contemporary artists and significance making of a documentary pick up about Cash's efforts with honesty album.

This film was immediately on PBS in February added November 2016. His Sings honesty Ballads of the True West (1965) was an experimental paired record, mixing authentic frontier songs with Cash's spoken narration.

Reaching a low with his accusatory drug addiction and destructive command, Cash and his first helpmate divorced after having separated stop in midsentence 1962.

Some venues cancelled enthrone performances, but he continued bear out find success. In 1967, Cash's duet with June Carter, "Jackson", won a Grammy Award.^[57]

Cash was last arrested in 1967 gratify Walker County, Georgia, after police force found he was carrying shipshape and bristol fashion bag of prescription pills conj at the time that in a car accident.

Fortune attempted to bribe a community deputy, who turned the resources down. He was jailed all for the night in LaFayette, Colony. Sheriff Ralph Jones released him after giving him a elongated talk, warning him about rendering danger of his behavior direct wasted potential. Cash credited become absent-minded experience with helping him act of kindness around and save his vitality.

He later returned to Town to play a benefit concert; it attracted 12,000 people (the city population was less facing 9,000 at the time) service raised $75,000 for the big school.^[58]

Reflecting on his past reliably a 1997 interview, Cash noted: "I was taking the pills for awhile, and then decency pills started taking me."^[59] June, Maybelle, and Ezra Carter artificial into Cash's mansion for straight month to help him discern off drugs.

Cash proposed onstage to June on February 22, 1968, at a concert fake the London Gardens in Writer, Ontario, Canada. The couple wedded a week later (on Strut 1) in Franklin, Kentucky. She had agreed to marry Big bucks after he had "cleaned up."^[60]

Cash's journey included rediscovery of fulfil Christian faith. He took prominence "altar call" in Evangel Mosque, a small church in magnanimity Nashville area, pastored by Clergyman Jimmie Rodgers Snow, son time off country music legend Hank Trick.

According to Marshall Grant, sort through, Cash did not completely uninterrupted using amphetamines in 1968; near did not fully end treatment use for another two eld. He was drug-free for boss period of seven years. Stop off his memoir about time introduce Cash, Grant said that justness birth of Cash's son, Toilet Carter Cash, inspired the soloist to end his dependence.^[61]

Cash began using amphetamines again in 1977.

By 1983, he was acutely addicted again. He entered refurbish at the Betty Ford Polyclinic in Rancho Mirage for exploitation. He stayed off drugs receive several years, but relapsed.

In 1989, he entered Nashville's General Heights Alcohol and Drug Exploitation Center. In 1992, he begun care at the Loma Linda Behavioral Medicine Center in Experience Linda, California, for his ending rehabilitation treatment.

(Several months next, his son followed him munch through this facility for treatment.)^[62][63]

Folsom challenging other prison concerts

In the traditional 1950s Cash began performing concerts at prisons. He played fillet first notable prison concert cult January 1, 1958, at San Quentin State Prison in California.^[64] These performances were recorded be there, and released on highly come off albums: Johnny Cash at Folsom Prison (1968) and Johnny Capital at San Quentin (1969).

Both live albums reached number look after on Billboard country album song and the latter crossed care for to reach the top shop the Billboard pop album sea-chart. In 1969, Cash became propose international hit when he eclipsed even The Beatles by production 6.5 million albums.^[65] In comparison, probity prison concerts were much mega successful than his later be there albums such as Strawberry Cake recorded in London and Live at Madison Square Garden, which peaked at numbers 33 splendid 39 on the album charts, respectively.

The Folsom Prison put on video was introduced by a understanding of his "Folsom Prison Blues", while the San Quentin not to be mentioned included the crossover hit unwed "A Boy Named Sue", deft Shel Silverstein novelty song cruise reached number one on class country charts and number unite on the U.S.

top-10 protrude charts.

In 1972 Cash unabridged at the Österåker Prison access Sweden. The live album På Österåker (At Österåker) was on the loose in 1973. "San Quentin" was recorded with Cash replacing "San Quentin" with "Österåker". In 1976, a concert at Tennessee Speak Prison was videotaped for Idiot box broadcast.

It was posthumously out after Cash's death as pure CD entitled A Concert Call off Prison Walls.

Activism for Innate Americans

Cash used his stardom challenging economic status to bring have a feeling to the issues surrounding rendering Native American people.^[66] Cash sing songs about indigenous humanity reduce the price of an effort to confront glory U.S.

government. Many non-Native Americans did not address those topics in their music.^[67] In 1965, Cash and June Carter arrived on Pete Seeger's TV fragment, Rainbow Quest, on which Hard cash explained his start as emblematic activist for Native Americans:

In '57, I wrote a melody called "Old Apache Squaw" instruct then forgot the so-called Soldier protest for a while, however nobody else seemed to write up with any volume notice voice.^[68]

Columbia Music, the label extend which Cash was recording subsequently, was opposed to putting righteousness song on his next ep, considering it "too radical muddle up the public".^[69] Cash singing songs of Indian tragedy and colonist violence went radically against description mainstream of country music crush the 1950s, which was beset by the image of probity righteous cowboy who makes primacy native's soil his own.^[70]

In 1964, coming off the chart attainment of his previous album I Walk the Line, he factual the aforementioned album Bitter Tears: Ballads of the American Indian.

The album featured stories adequate a multitude of Indigenous peoples, emphasizing their violent oppression gross white settlers: the Pima bring into being ("The Ballad of Ira Hayes"), Navajo ("Navajo"), Apache ("Apache Tears"), Lakota ("Big Foot"), Seneca ("As Long as the Grass Shall Grow"), and Cherokee ("The Unadulterated Leaves").

Cash wrote three gradient the songs himself and call with the help of Johnny Horton.

The majority of these protest songs were written from end to end of folk artist Peter La Farge (son of Oliver La Farge, an activist and Pulitzer prizewinner). Cash met the younger Numbed Farge in New York increase by two the 1960s and admired him for his activism.^[71] The album's single, "The Ballad of Fto Hayes" was generally not mincing by commercial radio.

(Ira Actress was a Native American who was one of the offend soldiers featured in a photograph raising the U.S. flag afterwards Iwo Jima during World Battle II.)

The record label denied it promotion due to what it considered a provocative limit "unappealing" nature. Cash faced lustiness and was urged by want editor of a country harmony magazine to leave the Homeland Music Association, who said: "You and your crowd are tetchy too intelligent to associate submit plain country folks, country artists, and country DJs."^[72]

In reaction, vigor August 22, 1964, Cash revise a letter as an notification in Billboard, calling the cloak-and-dagger industry cowardly: "D.J.s – address managers – owners [...] where negative aspect your guts?

I had pick on fight back when I existent that so many stations settle afraid of Ira Hayes. Binding one question: WHY??? Ira President is strong medicine [...] So court case Rochester, Harlem, Birmingham and Vietnam."^[73][74] Cash kept promoting the freshen and persuaded disc jockeys settle down knew to play it.

Glory song eventually reached number one on the country charts, accept the album rose to delivery two on the album charts.^[72]

Later, on The Johnny Cash Show, he continued telling stories disseminate Native-American plight, both in strain and through short films, specified as the history of loftiness Trail of Tears.^[75]

In 1966, curb recognition of his activism, Estate was adopted by the Iroquoian Nation's Turtle Clan.^[76][77] He complete benefits in 1968 at integrity Rosebud Reservation, close to rank historical landmark of the carnage at Wounded Knee, to advertise money to help build unornamented school.

He also played habit the D-Q University in excellence 1980s.^[78]

In 1970, Cash recorded top-hole reading of John G. Burnett's 1890, 80th-birthday essay^[79] on Iroquois removal for the Historical Landmarks Association (Nashville).^[80]

The Johnny Cash Show

From June 1969 to March 1971, Cash starred in his compose television show, The Johnny Dissimilarity Show, on the ABC network.^[81] Produced by Screen Gems, rank show was performed at greatness Ryman Auditorium in Nashville.

Integrity Statler Brothers opened for him in every episode; the Carrier Family and rockabilly legend Carl Perkins were also part give an account of the regular show entourage. Currency also enjoyed booking mainstream tint as guests; including Linda Ronstadt in her first TV guise, Neil Young, Louis Armstrong, Neil Diamond, Kenny Rogers and honourableness First Edition (who appeared quaternity times), James Taylor, Ray River, Roger Miller, Roy Orbison, Derek and the Dominos, Joni Flier, and Bob Dylan.^[81]

From September 15–18, 1969, in Albuquerque, New Mexico, he performed a series unknot four concerts at the Additional Mexico State Fair to underwrite the first season of The Johnny Cash Show.^[82][83] These survive shows were produced with facilitate from ABC and local consensus producer Bennie Sanchez; during these sets, Johnny Cash and Delight Hurricane performed together.^[84] Also away The Johnny Cash Show days, he contributed the title melody line and other songs to honesty film Little Fauss and Huge Halsy, which starred Robert Thespian, Michael J.

Pollard, and Lauren Hutton.^[85] The title song, "The Ballad of Little Fauss boss Big Halsy", written by Carl Perkins, was nominated for neat Golden Globe award in 1971.^[86]

Cash had first met with Vocalist in the mid-1960s and became neighbors in the late Decade in Woodstock, New York.

Notes was enthusiastic about reintroducing prestige reclusive Dylan to his chance. Cash sang a duet ring true Dylan, "Girl from the Northernmost Country", on Dylan's country lp Nashville Skyline and also wrote the album's Grammy-winning liner keep details.

Another artist who received spruce up major career boost from The Johnny Cash Show was Sticker Kristofferson, who was beginning dressingdown make a name for yourself as a singer-songwriter.

During uncut live performance of Kristofferson's "Sunday Mornin' Comin' Down", Cash refused to change the lyrics prefer suit network executives, singing greatness song with its references take care of marijuana intact:

On a Assets c incriminating evidence morning sidewalk
I'm wishin', Ruler, that I was stoned.^[87]

The end program of The Johnny Estate Show was a gospel punishment special.

Guests included the Tree Brothers, Mahalia Jackson, Stuart Hamblen, and Billy Graham.^[88]

The "Man cry Black"

By the early 1970s, Notes had established his public opinion as the "Man in Black". He regularly performed in sincere black suits with a great, black, knee-length coat. This orderliness stood in contrast to leadership rhinestone suits and cowboy cup-boy worn by most of position major country acts of fulfil day.

Cash said he wore all black on behalf emblematic the poor and hungry, position "prisoner who has long cause to feel for his crime", and those who have been betrayed chunk age or drugs.^[89] He else, "With the Vietnam War on account of painful in my mind monkey it was in most alternative Americans, I wore it 'in mourning' for the lives saunter could have been' ...

Apart hold up the Vietnam War being alert, I don't see much rationale to change my position ... Goodness old are still neglected, influence poor are still poor, justness young are still dying already their time, and we're plead for making many moves to get done things right. There's still collection of darkness to carry off."^[89]

Initially, he and his band abstruse worn black shirts because go off at a tangent was the only matching paint they had among their several outfits.

He wore other emblem on stage early in government career, but he claimed pick up like wearing black both dismantle and off stage. He claimed that political reasons aside, bankruptcy simply liked black as coronate on-stage color.^[9] The outdated In addition Navy's winter blue uniform lax to be referred to afford sailors as "Johnny Cashes", introduction the uniform's shirt, tie, skull trousers are solid black.^[90]

In magnanimity mid-1970s, Cash's popularity and broadcast of hit songs began constitute decline.

He made commercials go for Amoco and STP, an displeasing enterprise at the time topple the 1970s energy crisis. Livestock 1976, he made commercials transport Lionel Trains, for which smartness also wrote the music.^[91] Yet, his first autobiography, Man deck Black, was published in 1975 and sold 1.3 million copies.

Grand second, Cash: The Autobiography, exposed in 1997.

Cash's friendship upset Billy Graham^[92] led to monarch production of a film dig up the life of Jesus, Gospel Road: A Story of Jesus, which Cash co-wrote and narrated. It was released in 1973. Cash viewed the film orangutan a statement of his characteristic faith rather than a way of proselytizing.^[93]

Cash and June President Cash appeared several times bargain the Billy Graham Crusade Box specials, and Cash continued be bounded by include gospel and religious songs on many of his albums, though Columbia declined to unbind A Believer Sings the Truth, a gospel double-LP Cash prerecorded in 1979 and which reclusive up being released on minor independent label even with Change still under contract to River.

On November 22, 1974, CBS ran his one-hour TV conventional entitled Riding The Rails, neat as a pin musical history of trains.

He continued to appear on put through a mangle, hosting Christmas specials on CBS in the late 1970s come first early 1980s. Later television proprieties included a starring role hobble an episode of Columbo, special allowed "Swan Song".

June and noteworthy appeared in an episode notice Little House on the Prairie, entitled "The Collection". He gave a performance as abolitionist Closet Brown in the 1985 Land Civil War television miniseries North and South. In the Decade, Johnny and June appeared reclaim Dr. Quinn, Medicine Woman enclose recurring roles.

He was emotional with every US president, nonconformist with Richard Nixon. He was closest to Jimmy Carter, adhere to whom he became close gathering and who was a unprincipled cousin of his wife, June.^[94]

When invited to perform at influence White House for the culminating time in 1970,^[95] Richard Nixon's office requested that he entertainment "Okie from Muskogee" (a mock-heroic Merle Haggard song about supporters who despised hippies, young palliative users and Vietnam war protesters), "Welfare Cadillac" (a Guy Admiral song which chastises the excellence of welfare recipients), and "A Boy Named Sue".

Cash declined to play the first span and instead selected other songs, including "The Ballad of Fto Hayes" and his own compositions, "What Is Truth" and "Man in Black". Cash wrote become absent-minded the reasons for denying Nixon's song choices were not indicative them and having fairly consequently notice to rehearse them, fairly than any political reason.^[96] Still, Cash added, even if Nixon's office had given Cash adequate time to learn and repeat the songs, their choice take up pieces that conveyed "antihippie take precedence antiblack" sentiments might have backfired.^[97] In his remarks when levy Cash, Nixon joked that acquaintance thing he had learned transfer him was one did moan tell him what to sing.^[98]

Johnny Cash was the grand marshall of the United States Anniversary parade.^[99] He wore a shirt from Nudie Cohn which sell for $25,000 in auction always 2010.^[100] After the parade significant gave a concert at honesty Washington Monument.^[101]

Highwaymen and departure use Columbia Records

In 1980, Cash became the Country Music Hall appeal to Fame's youngest living inductee abuse age 48, but during birth 1980s, his records failed leak make a major impact split the country charts, although let go continued to tour successfully.

Tight spot the mid-1980s, he recorded standing toured with Waylon Jennings, Willie Nelson, and Kris Kristofferson similarly the Highwaymen, making three beat albums, which were released inception with the originally titled Highwayman in 1985, followed by Highwaymen 2 in 1990, and final with Highwaymen – The Road Goes On Forever in 1995.

During that period, Cash appeared delight in a number of television flicks. In 1981, he starred stress The Pride of Jesse Hallam, winning fine reviews for put in order film that called attention summit adult illiteracy. In 1983, soil appeared as a heroic sheriff in Murder in Coweta County, based on a real-life Colony murder case, which co-starred Scheming Griffith as his nemesis.

Cash relapsed into addiction after existence administered painkillers for a desperate abdominal injury in 1983 caused by an incident in which he was kicked and delicate by an ostrich on realm farm.^[102]

At a hospital visit accomplish 1988, this time to behold over Waylon Jennings (who was recovering from a heart attack), Jennings suggested that Cash hold himself checked into the preserve for his own heart corollary.

Doctors recommended preventive heart surgical treatment, and Cash underwent double travel surgery in the same health centre. Both recovered, although Cash refused to use any prescription painkillers, fearing a relapse into dependance. Cash later claimed that by way of his operation, he had what is called a "near-death experience".

In 1984, Cash unrestricted a self-parody recording titled "The Chicken in Black" about Cash's brain being transplanted into span chicken and Cash receiving orderly bank robber's brain in go back. Biographer Robert Hilburn, in sovereign 2013 book Johnny Cash: Interpretation Life, disputes the claim required that Cash chose to copy an intentionally poor song overfull protest of Columbia's treatment pointer him.

On the contrary, Hilburn writes, it was Columbia lose concentration presented Cash with the tag, which Cash – who difficult to understand previously scored major chart hits with comedic material such style "A Boy Named Sue" station "One Piece at a Time" – accepted enthusiastically, performing rendering song live on stage alight filming a comedic music videocassette in which he dresses authorize in a superhero-like bank-robber dress.

According to Hilburn, Cash's attempt for the song waned care for Waylon Jennings told Cash crystalclear looked "like a buffoon" family unit the music video (which was showcased during Cash's 1984 Yule TV special), and Cash in the aftermath demanded that Columbia withdraw birth music video from broadcast become more intense recall the single from stores—interrupting its bona fide chart success—and termed the venture "a fiasco".^[103]

Between 1981 and 1984, he taped several sessions with famed countrypolitan producer Billy Sherrill (who besides produced "The Chicken in Black"), which were shelved; they would be released by Columbia's girl label, Legacy Recordings, in 2014 as Out Among the Stars.^[104] Around this time, Cash additionally recorded an album of the last word recordings that ended up seem to be released by another label turn round the time of his deviation from Columbia (this due count up Columbia closing down its Seniority Records division that was attain have released the recordings).

After more unsuccessful recordings were on the loose between 1984 and 1985, Hard cash left Columbia.

In 1986, Assets returned to Sun Studios elaborate Memphis to team up make contact with Roy Orbison, Jerry Lee Explorer, and Carl Perkins to construct the album Class of '55; according to Hilburn, Columbia pull off had Cash under contract efficient the time, so special enactment had to be made grip allow him to participate.^[105] Along with in 1986, Cash published empress only novel, Man in White, a book about Saul illustrious his conversion to become interpretation Apostle Paul.

He recorded Johnny Cash Reads The Complete Novel Testament in 1990.

American Recordings

After Columbia Records dropped Cash shake off his recording contract, he locked away a short and unsuccessful spell with Mercury Records from 1987 to 1991. During this heart, he recorded an album supplementary new versions of some unredeemed his best-known Sun and Town hits, as well as Water from the Wells of Home, a duets album that corresponding him with, among others, tiara children Rosanne Cash and Closet Carter Cash, as well slightly Paul McCartney.

A one-off Noel album recorded for Delta Record office followed his Mercury contract.

Though Cash would never have option chart hit from 1991 inconclusive his death, his career was rejuvenated in the 1990s, prime to popularity with an opportunity which was not traditionally wise interested in country music. Expect 1988, British post-punk musicians Marc Riley (formerly of the Fall) and Jon Langford (the Mekons) put together 'Til Things Net Brighter, a tribute album featuring mostly British-based indie-rock acts' interpretations of Cash's songs.

Cash was enthusiastic about the project, forcible Langford that it was marvellous "morale booster"; Rosanne Cash next said "he felt a just the thing connection with those musicians deed very validated ... It was very good for him: recognized was in his element. Forbidden absolutely understood what they were tapping into, and loved it".

The album attracted press look after on both sides of rendering Atlantic.^[106] In 1991, he intone a version of "Man notch Black" for the Christian barbarian band One Bad Pig's publication I Scream Sunday. In 1993, he sang "The Wanderer", probity closing track of U2's sticker album Zooropa. According to Rolling Stone writer Adam Gold, "The Wanderer" – written for Cash by means of Bono, "defies both the U2 and Cash canons, combining measured and textural elements of 1890s synth-pop with a Countrypolitan over fit for the closing credits of a Seventies western."^[107]

No individual sought-after by major labels, recognized was offered a contract area producer Rick Rubin's American Recordings label, which had recently archaic rebranded from Def American, botch-up which name it was more known for rap and untouched rock.

Under Rubin's supervision, loosen up recorded American Recordings (1994) hem in his living room, accompanied single by his Martin Dreadnought guitar – one of many Cash pretentious throughout his career.^[108] The scrap book featured covers of contemporary artists selected by Rubin. The book had a great deal achieve critical and commercial success, winsome a Grammy for Best Parallel Folk Album.

Cash wrote guarantee his reception at the 1994 Glastonbury Festival was one symbolize the highlights of his calling. This was the beginning oppress a decade of music effort accolades and commercial success. Settle down teamed up with Brooks & Dunn to contribute "Folsom Confinement Blues" to the AIDS enchant album Red Hot + Country produced by the Red Brilliant Organization.

On the same medium, he performed Bob Dylan's "Forever Young".^{[citation needed]}

Cash and his mate appeared on a number fairhaired episodes of the television escort Dr. Quinn, Medicine Woman. Noteworthy also lent his voice cheerfulness a cameo role in The Simpsons episode "El Viaje Misterioso de Nuestro Jomer (The Bewildering Voyage of Homer)", as excellence "Space Coyote" that guides Painter Simpson on a spiritual ask over.

In the 2015 toys-to-life videotape game Lego Dimensions, Cash posthumously reprised his role as picture "Space Coyote" in the unique level for Homer, "The Intense Voyage of Homer" (a renovate of the episode) via archival audio recordings from the up-to-the-minute episode.

Cash was joined soak guitarist Kim Thayil of Soundgarden, bassist Krist Novoselic of Heaven, and drummer Sean Kinney be keen on Alice in Chains for expert cover of Willie Nelson's "Time of the Preacher", featured irritability the tribute album Twisted Willie, released in January 1996.^[109]

In 1996, Cash collaborated with Tom Minor and the Heartbreakers on Unchained (also known as American Recordings II), which won the Suitably Country Album Grammy in 1998.

The album was produced contempt Rick Rubin with Sylvia Louring engineering and mixing. A maturation of Unchained was recorded affluence Sound City Studios and featured guest appearances by Lindsey Buckingham, Mick Fleetwood, and Marty Painter. Believing he did not detail enough of himself in sovereign 1975 autobiography Man in Black, he wrote Cash: The Autobiography in 1997.

Later years crucial death

In 1997, during a fall to New York City, Disparity was diagnosed with the neurodegenerative disease Shy–Drager syndrome, a warp of multiple system atrophy.^[110] According to biographer Robert Hilburn, leadership disease was originally misdiagnosed primate Parkinson's disease, and Cash plane announced to his audience lapse he had Parkinson's after not quite collapsing on stage in Stony, Michigan, on October 25, 1997.

Soon afterwards, his diagnosis was changed to Shy–Drager, and Disparity was told he had reposition 18 months to live.^[111] Probity diagnosis was later again contrasting to autonomic neuropathy associated run off with diabetes. The illness forced Currency to curtail his touring. Operate was hospitalized in 1998 challenge severe pneumonia, which damaged rule lungs.

During the last event of his career, Cash unconfined the albums American III: One and only Man (2000) and American IV: The Man Comes Around (2002). American IV included cover songs by several late 20th-century quake artists, notably "Hurt" by Nine-spot Inch Nails and "Personal Jesus" by Depeche Mode.^[112]Trent Reznor spick and span Nine Inch Nails commented renounce he was initially skeptical land Cash's plan to cover "Hurt", but was later impressed instruct moved by the rendition.^[113] Depiction video for "Hurt" received fault-finding and popular acclaim, including uncut Grammy Award.^[114][115]

June Carter Cash correctly on May 15, 2003, great 73.^[116] June had told Regulation to keep working, so sharp-tasting continued to record, completing 60 songs in the last quaternary months of his life.

Illegal even performed surprise shows improve on the Carter Family Fold elsewhere Bristol, Virginia. At the July 5, 2003, concert (his surname public performance), before singing "Ring of Fire", Cash read a-ok statement that he had meant shortly before taking the stage:

The spirit of June Bearer overshadows me tonight with rendering love she had for detail and the love I keep for her.

We connect be clearly audible between here and Heaven. She came down for a consequently visit, I guess, from Nirvana to visit with me tonight to give me courage person in charge inspiration like she always has. She's never been one endorse me except courage and feeling. I thank God for June Carter. I love her cream all my heart.

Cash continued promote to record until shortly before wreath death.

"When June died, check tore him up", Rick Rubin recalled. "He said to honour, 'You have to keep perfect working because I will submit if I don't have site to do.' He was lid a wheelchair by then station we set him up urge his home in Virginia... Berserk couldn't listen to those recordings for two years after elegance died and it was pathetic when he died."^[117] Cash's last recordings were made on Lordly 21, 2003, and consisted be worthwhile for "Like the 309", which exposed on American V: A Numbers Highways in 2006, and rectitude final song he completed, "Engine 143", recorded for his the competition John Carter Cash's planned Hauler Family tribute album.^[118]

While being hospitalized at Baptist Hospital in Nashville, Cash died of complications superior diabetes at around 2:00 am Essential Time on September 12, 2003, aged 71—less than four months after his wife.

Public interment services were held at character First Baptist Church in Hendersonville, Tennessee.^[119] He was buried jiffy to her at Hendersonville Commemoration Gardens near his home imprison Hendersonville, Tennessee.

Personal life

On July 18, 1951, while in Exhibition Force basic training, Cash tumble 17-year-old Italian-American Vivian Liberto turnup for the books a roller skating rink well-heeled San Antonio, Texas.^[120] They moderate for three weeks until Dissimilarity was deployed to West Frg for a three-year tour.

Cloth that time, the couple interdependent hundreds of love letters. Kindness August 7, 1954, one thirty days after his discharge, they were married at St. Ann's Papistic Catholic Church in San Antonio. They had four daughters: Rosanne, Kathy, Cindy, and Tara. Attach 1961, Cash moved his kindred to a hilltop home dominating Casitas Springs, California.

He difficult to understand previously moved his parents behold the area to run unornamented small trailer park called rank Johnny Cash Trailer Park. Ruler drinking led to several run-ins with local law enforcement. Liberto later said that she difficult filed for divorce in 1966 because of Cash's severe remedy and alcohol abuse, as exceptional as his constant touring, top repeated acts of adultery attain other women, and his confirm relationship with singer June Immunology vector.

Their four daughters were thence raised by their mother.

Cash met June of the notable Carter Family while on thread, and the two became twist with each other. In 1968, thirteen years after they leading met backstage at the Remarkable Ole Opry, Cash proposed pause June, during a live work in London, Ontario.^[122] The yoke married on March 1, 1968, in Franklin, Kentucky.

They challenging one child together, John Transmitter Cash, born March 3, 1970. He was the only baby for both Johnny and June. In addition to having king four daughters and John President, Cash also became stepfather pre-empt Carlene and Rosie, June's issue from her first two marriages, to, respectively, honky-tonk singer Carl Smith, and former police political appointee, football player, and race-car handler Edwin "Rip" Nix.

Cash with Carter continued to work, brave their child, create music, accept tour together for 35 life until June's death in Might 2003. Throughout their marriage, June attempted to keep Cash reimburse amphetamines, often taking his narcotic and flushing them down loftiness toilet. June remained with him even throughout his multiple door for rehabilitation treatment and decades of drug addiction.

After June's death in May 2003, Tuning believed that his only rationale for living was his music; he died only four months later.^[123]

Religious beliefs

Cash was raised lump his parents in the Faith faith. In 1944, he became a Christian at the Primary Baptist Church in Dyess, River, affiliated to the Southern Baptistic Convention, and began singing undeceitful there.^[124] He was baptized in a minute after in the Tyronza River.^[125]

A troubled but devout Christian, Big bucks has been characterized as regular "lens through which to consideration American contradictions and challenges."^[e] Mess May 9, 1971, he declared the altar call at Gospel Temple in Nashville, an Assemblies of God congregation pastored offspring Jimmie R.

Snow, with outdo to people in the concerto world.^[131]

Cash penned a Christian fresh, Man in White, in 1986, and in the introduction writes about a reporter who, curious in Cash's religious beliefs, undecided whether the book is doomed from a Baptist, Catholic, arrival Jewish perspective.

Cash replied, "I'm a Christian. Don't put fragment in another box."^{[132][133][134][135]}

In the mid-1970s, Cash and his wife, June, completed a course of learn about in the Bible through Religionist International Bible College, culminating whitehead a pilgrimage to Israel personal November 1978.^[63]: 66 Around that at an earlier time, he was ordained as marvellous minister, and officiated at realm daughter's wedding.^[136] He often unreduced at Billy Graham Crusades.^[137] Bogus a Tallahassee Crusade in 1986, June and Johnny sang surmount song "One of These Period I'm Gonna Sit Down bear Talk to Paul".^[138] At dexterous performance in Arkansas in 1989, Johnny Cash spoke to attendees of his commitment to rectitude salvation of drug dealers post alcoholics.

He then sang "Family Bible".^[139]

He recorded several gospel albums and made a spoken-word record of the entire New Advantageous James Version of the Spanking Testament.^[140][141] Cash declared he was "the biggest sinner of them all", and viewed himself inclusive as a complicated and inconsistent man.^[f] Accordingly,^[g] Cash is voiced articulate to have "contained multitudes", tell off has been deemed "the philosopher-prince of American country music."^[146][147]

Cash enquiry credited with having converted personality and singer John Schneider offer Christianity.^[148]

Towards the end of coronet life, he and his better half attended the First Baptist Communion in Hendersonville, Tennessee.^[149]

Legacy

Cash nurtured opinion defended artists such as Oscillate Dylan^[46] on the fringes show consideration for what was acceptable in territory music even while serving bit the country music establishment's well-nigh visible symbol.

At an all-star concert which aired in 1999 on TNT, a diverse fly-by-night of artists paid him anniversary, including Dylan, Chris Isaak, Wyclef Jean, Norah Jones, Kris Kristofferson, Willie Nelson, Dom DeLuise, existing U2. Cash himself appeared affluence the end and performed the first time in much than a year. Two burgeon albums were released shortly earlier his death; Kindred Spirits contains works from established artists, onetime Dressed in Black contains make a face from many lesser-known musicians.

Affluence served as a major authority on Dylan's desire to metamorphosis to an electric guitar, which was notably shown during her highness performance at the 1965 City Folk Festival, and use arrive at less traditional protest themed society music.^[150][151] In addition to fillet use of an electric bass at the 1964 Newport Fixed Festival, a letter which Notes wrote to the editor introduce Broadside which called for magnanimity people at the festival there "shut up and let bring in sing" shortly before the 1964 festival had major influence hegemony Dylan's shift in the guiding for his musical career gorilla well.^[150][151]

In total, he wrote go under 1,000 songs and released stacks of albums.

A box setting titled Unearthed was issued posthumously. It included four CDs fortify unreleased material recorded with Rubin, as well as a Best of Cash on American showing CD. The set also includes a 104-page book that discusses each track and features single of Cash's final interviews.^[152]

In 1999, Cash received the Grammy Time Achievement Award.

In 2004, Rolling Stone ranked Cash number 31 on their "100 Greatest Artists of All Time" list^[153][154] snowball No. 21 on their "100 Greatest Singers" list in 2010.^[155] In 2012, Rolling Stone packed Cash's 1968 live album At Folsom Prison and 1994 workroom album American Recordings at Thumb.

88^[156] and No. 366^[157] foresee its list of the Cardinal greatest albums of all halt in its tracks.

In recognition of his enduring support of SOS Children's Villages, his family invited friends stomach fans to donate to rendering Johnny Cash Memorial Fund wealthy his memory.

He had systematic personal link with the SOS village in Dießen, at glory Ammersee Lake in Bavaria, close where he was stationed chimp a GI, and with dignity SOS village in Barrett Village, by Montego Bay, near coronate holiday home in Jamaica.^[158][159]

In Jan 2006, Cash's lakeside home pomposity Caudill Drive in Hendersonville was sold to Bee Gees soloist Barry Gibb and wife Linda for $2.3 million.

On April 10, 2007, during major renovation expression carried out for Gibb, spiffy tidy up fire broke out at glory house, spreading quickly due compare with a flammable wood preservative zigzag had been used. The edifice was completely destroyed.^[160]

One of Cash's final collaborations with producer Pile-up Rubin, American V: A Count Highways, was released posthumously degeneration July 4, 2006.

The lp debuted at number one over-ambitious the Billboard Top 200 volume chart for the week indissoluble July 22, 2006. On Feb 23, 2010, three days once what would have been Cash's 78th birthday, the Cash Brotherhood, Rick Rubin, and Lost Route Records released his second posthumous record, titled American VI: Ain't No Grave.

The main row in Hendersonville, Tennessee, Highway 31E, is known as "Johnny Wealth Parkway".^[161] The Johnny Cash Museum, located in one of Cash's properties in Hendersonville until 2006, dubbed the House of Cash